Yang Style Tai Chi Lineage
Yang Lu Chan
Yang Lu Chan (1799-1872) also known as Yang Fu Kui was born in Nan Guan of Yong Nian County in Hebei province. He was from a farming family and worked in the local grocery store during his break after harvesting. In his youth he had learned Shaolin Kung Fu and was always interested in martial arts and when an opportunity arose for him to learn martial art from a master in the Chen Jia Gou village call Chen Chang Xing, (who had learned Tai Chi from Jiang Fa) he proceeded to seek the master out. After years of training, Yang Lu Chan was accepted as disciple given the full transmission of the system. Yang Lu Chan spent 18 years to finish his study of this soft style of martial art from Chen Chang Xing.
After leaving the Chen Jia Gou village, Yang Lu Chan went to Beijing and began to perfect his Tai Chi Chuan skills. After years of continuous training and self-research, he achieved a high level of martial art skill that he defeated all challenges from masters of other kung fu styles through out China and be known as Yang Wu Di (Yang the Invincible).
Yang Lu Chan had two sons Ban Hou and Jian Hou. Eventually his sons helped him to train his grandson Yang Cheng-Fu to be the greatest Tai Chi Chuan teacher in China.
Yang, Lu Chan 1799 - 1872
Yang, Ban Hao 1837 - 1892
Yang Ban Hou
Yang Ban Hou (1837-1892) was the second child of Yang Lu Chan and had started training Tai Chi from a very young age. Under the strict and watchful eyes of his father, Yang Ban Hou would achieve a very high level of skill and be also known as Yang Wu Di. Although Ban Hou was of an upright character, he was somewhat short tempered and therefore had very few disciples. Like his father he would accept and defeat all challenges with other martial art masters.
As a young boy, Yang Ban Hou was exceptionally talented in martial arts with outstanding natural abilities. However, he hated the tough training that was forced upon him by his father, Yang Lu-Chan, and would often run away from home. Each time his father would find him and bring him home.
Although Ban Hou hated his daily training, his natural abilities helped him, and his martial arts improved very rapidly. In a few short years his martial arts abilities were unequaled. Thus, his name became very well known throughout the China. Yang Ban Hou taught the Yang family Tai Chi fighting secrets to his nephews Yang Shou Hou and Yang Cheng Fu, sons of Yang Jian Hou.
Yang Jian Hou
Yang Jian Hou (1839-1917), also known as Jing Pu, was Yang Lu Chan's third son. Jian Hou possessed a highly developed martial art skill and was agile in his Tai Chi form. His Tai Chi Chuan was a harmonious blend of hard and soft. He was especially talented at issuing internal energy. He also had a profound knowledge of the Tai Chi straight sword, saber, and spear.
Jian Hou's eye-body coordination was superb and his movements were very fast. He was once among a crowd of spectators in an opera theater in Beijing, watching an actor perform with a sword. The actor suddenly lost control of the weapon and it flew out of his hands in Yang Jian Hou's direction. So quick was Jian Hou's reaction that he not only managed to ward off the sword, but also caused it to be flung back onto the stage.
His character was very warm-hearted. Whenever Yang Jian Hou competed and trained with others, he never looked light-heartedly upon anyone; therefore, he too was never defeated. Unlike his elder brother, Ban Hou, he was loved and respected by his many students because he was a gentle and patient teacher.
Yang Jian Hou had three sons, Yang Sau Hou, Yang Zou Yuan and Yang Cheng Fu.
Yang, Jian Hao 1839 - 1917
Yang, Cheng Fu 1883 - 1936
Yang Cheng-Fu
Yang Cheng-Fu (1883-1936) was the grandson to Yang Lu Chan the founder of the Yang-style Tai Chi Chuan. It was Cheng-Fu who finalized this style into the present-day form that is so popular all over the world. Learning Tai Chi Chuan from his father since early childhood, Yang Cheng-Fu showed great talent and learned very quickly, especially the "middle frame" of Yang style passed on by his grandfather to his father and uncle Yang Ban Hou, both of whom had taught martial arts in the Prince of Duan's mansion and enjoyed a great reputation in Beijing.
As an adult, Yang Cheng-Fu was invited by the Beijing Sports Society to teach martial arts in the city and afterward he traveled to Wuhan, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Hangzhou to teach the Yang-style Tai Chi Chuan. Because of his modesty, gentleness and eagerness for perfection--which he seemed to have inherited from his grandfather, Yang Cheng-Fu was loved by all his disciples, who were scattered all over the country.
During his stay in Wuhan, he accepted a challenge by a local kung fu master versed in swordsmanship. Wielding a mere makeshift sword of bamboo; Yang easily defeated his well-armed opponent and apologized profusely for having hurt his wrist unintentionally during the fight.
Yang Cheng-Fu, after traveling to teach in the south, began to explicitly emphasize the use of Taijiquan in treating illness and protecting health. He substituted gradual movements for the rapid movements.
The distinctive characteristics of Yang Cheng-Fu style of Tai Chi are: the postures are relaxed and expansive, simple and clean, precise in composition; the body is centered and aligned, not inclining or leaning; the movements are harmonious and agreeable, containing hard and soft, uniting lightness of spirit and heaviness of application. In Tai Chi training one develops softness from loosening and relaxing. In accumulating softness one develops hardness; hardness and softness benefit one another as there is mutual interaction. The postures may be high, middle or low, so that one is able to make appropriate adjustments in the movements according to factors of age differences, sex, bodily strength, or differing demands of the students. Because of this, it is as suitable for treating illness or protecting health as it is for increasing strength and fitness.
The postures of Yang Style Tai Chi are expansive and open, light yet heavy, natural, centered and upright, rounded and even, simple, vigorous and dignified-because of this one is able to quite naturally express an individual style that is grand and beautiful.
Yang Cheng-Fu once said “Taijiquan is the art of softness containing hardness, of a needle concealed in cotton. The postures must be centered and upright, rounded and full, calm and steady, relaxed and tranquil. The movements are light, lively and curved-a completely marvelous action”.
Cheng Man-ch'ing
Cheng Man Ch'ing was renowned in his own country as a Master of the "Five Excellencies": painting, poetry, calligraphy, medicine and the martial arts. One story tells of his uncanny skill as a physician, where he was asked by Yang Cheng Fu to see his wife who was extremely ill. Cheng restored Madame Yang to health and in gratitude she persuaded her husband to accept him as a Tai Chi student.
In "Cheng Tzu's Thirteen Treatises on Tai Chi Ch'uan" Madam Cheng recounts that as a young man, Man Ch'ing was extremely weak. He studied hard and at the early age of 20 he accepted the position of professor of literature at the University in Peiping and Shanghai, and he was also head of the Fine Arts Academy in Shanghai. During these years, because of the stresses of teaching responsibilities and many other social commitments he contracted a lung disease. His condition steadily worsened and the medical doctors were unable to help him. Man Ch'ing's friends introduced him to the great Tai Chi Ch'uan master Yang Cheng-fu and he became the last disciple of Master Yang. For six years he studied with Master Yang every day and his body became healthy and strong. He felt that Tai Chi could benefit everyone and he was anxious to spread the art to all. He followed the provert, "The good doctor cures people before they become ill".
As a young man, learning Tai Chi it is told that Man Ch'ing was constantly challenging and constantly being beaten by boxers of renown. No matter how badly beaten, he always went back for more after carefully analyzing what had caused his loss. One story relates that Cheng only pushed hands with Yang Cheng Fu a few times. One time as soon as their arms touched, eyewitnesses recount that, Cheng flew out of the room and into the street where he landed unconscious. As Cheng studied and trained on the Internal aspects, he developed into a fine fighter and later many great boxers went to train with him in his later years in Taiwan.
The most obvious difference in Cheng's style is his shortened form consisting of only 37 postures. He originally learned the 108-posture form from Yang Cheng Fu. One of the reasons Cheng had for shortening the form was that he wanted to strengthen the Chinese people, so they might be able to rise up and resist foreign aggression. The 108-posture form took far too long to learn and practice was therefore inaccessible to all but the most dedicated students. Also, for his own daily practice, he wanted to be able to practice quickly without reducing the efficiency of the exercise, so he eliminated many of the repetitions without losing the most basic and important postures. Cheng did not regard his form, although shortened, as being any simpler than the long form; indeed, he made many changes of such a nature that they ensure the form should be regarded as a separate style from that of the Yang family. The major change made by Master Cheng consisted on his emphasis of the concept of "song" (relaxation). A practitioner of Chengs form is required to relax as completely as possible, sinking all the weight into the legs, to the feet and into the ground. The upper body should feel empty and relaxed although the legs might feel some discomfort from intense practice. This helps the practitioner to relax and gain health benefits.
Although Cheng became a great Tai Chi fighter, in keeping with his background as a doctor, he also wished to emphasize the positive aspects of the art which could be enjoyed by all, as not everyone has the inclination or temperament to be a fighter. It seems that the emphasis in Cheng's training system was to simplify and cut down the art to its bare essentials. Many martial artists who have learned a vast repertoire of skills have been content to leave them all behind solely to practice the 37-posture form of "Cheng Style Tai Chi Ch'uan".
Cheng Man Ch'ing eventually immigrated to the United States to spread Tai Chi to the western world. He ran a large Tai Chi school in New York's Chinatown section. Grand Master Cheng departed this life on March 26, 1975, but his legacy lives on through his poetry, his painting, those he healed and those he taught.
Huang Sheng-Shyan
Huang Sheng-Shyan was born in 1910 in Minhou County of the Fujian province in Mainland China. At the age of 14 he began his life-long career into the ‘Martial Arts’ by learning Fujian White Crane from Xie Zhong-Xian, in which he first became renowned. In 1947 he resettled in Taiwan where he became a disciple of Cheng Man-Ching. Yang Cheng-Fu as the grandson of the Yang style founder had been Cheng Man-Ching’s teacher. It was into this tradition that Master Huang committed himself for the next 45 years.
At Grand Master Cheng Man Ch’ings injunction Master Huang immigrated to Singapore in 1956 and then in the 60’s moved to Malaysia with the expressed purpose of propagating the Art of Taijiquan.
Grand Master Huang set up home in Kuching on the Island of Borneo. There he remained for most of the rest of his life, steadily practicing, teaching, experimenting, developing his training system and opening new schools as well trained instructors became available.
Grandmaster Huang repeatedly said that “the essence of Taiji is in the Form”, which is the set of movements developed as a means to train the body to move in a synchronized and harmonious Taiji manner, and that eventually every movement contains the 'Principles', and the Form becomes formless.
The practice of Taiji is not performing posture 'A' and posture ‘B', it is whether you understand the transition from posture 'A' to posture 'B'. Attention needs to be paid to the sequence of synchronizing, the timing and body alignment within every movement of the Taiji Form. If all of these can be achieved than the relaxed force will naturally be cultivated - from the Form. In learning the Taiji Form we must first emphasize the accuracies of the external postures and movements. Then we work on the internal 'relaxation', ‘sinking', and 'grounding' before the releasing of the rebounding force is possible. In the later stages the external and internal needs to be synchronized together.
Relaxation in the Form is produced by mind 'awareness'. We all begin with 'regional' awareness where you move your mind to different parts of the body and visualize them to relax. After a while then when you think of relaxing the whole body will relax as one unit. But if you only work on relaxing the body, you are not likely to develop grounding without which there cannot be any rebounding force. So we next need to work on 'sinking', which is a mental process where-by you guide the melting sensations of relaxing, into the ground. The rebounding force is a product of the sinking.
Pushing-hands is an extension of the Form where you work towards remaining synchronized, balanced and grounded even with an external forces affecting you. It works on the principle of yielding to an oncoming force, and redirecting back to its source.
In Pushing-hands the practitioner learns to listen to the oncoming force of their opponent, stick and adhere to him or her, follow them back until they loose their centre, then issuing the relaxed force.
"The way that you do the form will result in the way that you push hands". "By understanding yourself and understanding your opponent, you will excel in pushing-hands." Therefore the way you move your body and synchronize your movements in the pushing hands must be the same way as in the Taiji Form. Listening begins in the Form, where-by you cultivate the 'understanding of yourself' and how your body moves and synchronizes. From this you can extend your listening cultivation into the Pushing-hands to 'understand your opponent'.
Training Pushing-hands begins with fixed pattern routines in which the body learns to respond to an external force that has a controlled direction and velocity. As per the Form, every movement must contain sticking, adhering, listening, neutralizing and issuing. We must be careful not to lapse into a mechanical movement of just 'going through the motions'. The listening should develop to include not only listening to the incoming force but also listening also to your reaction to the force, your movement in relation to your relaxation, how you push your opponent and their reaction to your push.
Grandmaster Huang would remind students that “yielding is not running away from the force, or even just going with the flow”. The 'Classics' state that “when a fly alights it sets you in motion”, not that you pull away because the fly lands. What that means is that the incoming force that ‘sets our body in motion’, just like a sponge that absorbs all of the push and returns as the push withdraws.
At the age of 60 Grand Master Huang Sheng-Shyan again demonstrated his abilities in Taiji by defeating Liao Kuang-Cheng, the Asian champion wrestler, 26 throws to 0, in a fund raising event in Kuching Malaysia.
When teaching, Grandmaster Huang would repeatedly pointed out that; “slow is fast and fast is slow”, to students eager to learn the Form in as short a time as possible. Those who paid no attention to this and rushed on to Pushing-hands classes often found the need to return to the beginners and start again, as they in their haste they had forgone accuracies. “Seek the quality not the quantity” was another frequent saying, encouraging the students to get one movement right before moving on to the next. Not many people like to spend a lot of time just learning one movement, and few teachers are prepared to teach the details of one movement. The basics might seem dull and monotonous, but future progress will depend on a sound foundation. “If you have a foundation deep enough for three stories, you can only build a three story building. For a twenty story building you need to have laid a foundation to support twenty stories.”
Everyone has a different understanding, and a different way of delivering Taiji teachings, but that as long as it adheres to the ‘Principles’ then it is correct. Learning Taiji is an ongoing process, so always with the attitude of always being a student, you can continue to refine your Taiji until the day you die. Even if you live to be over 100 years old.
True to this sentiment Grandmaster Huang Sheng-Shyan, developed his 'Art' right up until his death in December 1992, at the age of 82.